The Ceramic Water Filter Cartridge
co-Friendliness
It seems like natural disasters are becoming a lot more regular and more devastating. Just in the last few years the number of major earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, tornadoes, and droughts has been astounding. The news on any given week is filled with pictures of debris strewn neighborhoods, displaced people, and desperate crowds mobbing the relief trucks handing out food and water. While our modern technology has made life a lot easier for us, the downside is that we are a lot more reliant on things 'going right'. Put another way, we are extremely vulnerable when our infrastructure of power, transportation, and availability of goods is disrupted. It could happen just about anywhere with little notice.
As a risk mitigation, most of us have some forms of insurance to protect our property and take care of medical bills, however many of us are not so well prepared to survive an initial disaster and the need to withstand the shortages that occur in the early phases of recovery. Simple steps taken in this area can prevent a lot of hassles later on. One item that is critical to sustain life, yet is frequently in short supply, is simple drinking water. Bottled water is the first thing to run out and the first item on the list of relief supplies, as the human body can only survive about 4 days without water.
A simple device for water purification has been developed and proven in countries where there is no modern water infrastructure and waterborne bacteria decimate populations. (Literally hundreds of people die every day from poor water quality). The device is the ceramic water filter cartridge and it is an excellent way to ensure water availability in emergency situations at home as well.
The ceramic water filter cartridge consists of a softball sized, dome-shaped shell, coated with a small amount of silver and enclosing some amount of activated charcoal. The shell has very small pore openings that allow water to pass through but are too small for bacteria. The silver keeps bacteria from growing on the exterior of the shell, and the activated charcoal adsorbs chemicals that are present in the water. An outer pre-filter can also be attached to these filters to strain out larger particulates, if the source water is coming from natural lakes or streams.
Ceramic filters have been used by NGOs in third world countries very effectively for many years. They can use just about any freshwater source as the input such as ponds or streams (so they are great for camping and off-grid living as well as emergency situations). The filters are typically used with two containers, one for holding the contaminated water on top and the second to hold the clean filtered water on bottom.
These cartridges can be built into simple gravity-fed systems using buckets or barrels that require no electricity to operate. A standard set up using 5 gallon buckets filters 12 to 15 gallons per day. Adding a siphon hose can increase this to over 30 gallons per day.
If desired, more water can be obtained by putting filters in parallel in the container (a standard 5 gallon bucket will fit up to three filters). Another method to speed up flow is to pressurize the system (either air pressure or water pressure). A simple bicycle air pump and a tightly enclosed container can increase flow rates significantly. Taller containers can also speed up flow rates by increasing the water pressure.
Cartridges last for 3000 to 4000 gallons (6 to 8 months under regular, gravity-fed usage); the lifespan is basically limited by the activated charcoal in the filter. If the water being filtered is very dirty it is possible for the filter to become clogged, however the filters can be restored by scrubbing them gently with a non-soap abrasive pad. Before being used, the shelf life of the cartridges is almost indefinite if the cartridges are kept in a container that minimizes air circulation.
In conclusion the ceramic water filter cartridge is an excellent, way to ensure the availability of potable water even in the worst of times. They provide bacterial and chemical filtering of just about any fresh water source without any external power sources or extra chemicals. They also have the advantages of small size, low cost, and indefinite shelf life. With a little imagination they can be configured into systems that provide various amounts of water, anywhere from a dozen to hundreds of gallons per day
Russ Michaud is involved in Christian based disaster relief ministry and along with running chainsaws, flipping pancakes, and passing out supplies, he has also been involved with water purification efforts.
Homespun Environmental, see http://www.homespunenvironmental.com is a Texas based company that sells water filter components and kits for disaster preparation, off-grid living, and recreational use. Water filters should be an essential part of basic emergency preparations; as essential as a good flashlight, spare batteries, weather radio, and first aid kit.
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